广西香蕉种植户技术需求意愿及影响因素分析

以广西12个县(区)的257户香蕉种植户的实地调查资料为依据,通过对广西香蕉种植户技术需求优先序的分析,运用二元Logistic模型实证分析其技术需求的影响因素.结果表明,广西香蕉种植户最需要的4种技术依次为病虫害防治技术、高品质管理技术、施肥技术、新品种技术;而生产决策者特征、家庭因素、组织因素、风险因素、技术信息服务等也不同程度地影响着广西香蕉种植户技术的需求行为.     

宁夏灌区不同类型农田土壤氮素累积与迁移特征

在宁夏灌区选择设施菜田(n=4)和水旱轮作大田(n=4),通过田间多点取样观测和室内分析的方法,研究了2种类型农田土壤氮素累积与分布特点,以及其迁移对浅层地下水的影响。结果表明,设施菜田0~150 cm土壤剖面溶解性总氮(TSN)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和溶解性有机氮(SON)含量都显著高于大田,前者分别是后者的1.5~5.6、1.5~3.4倍和1.6~9.8倍。设施菜田土壤氮素主要累积在0~5 cm和5~20 cm土层,而大田主要在40~100 cm土体。设施菜田和大田土壤溶解性总氮占全氮比例分别在5.4%~11.5%和2.2%~4.9%之间,前者的淋失风险较高。设施菜田各形态氮素累积量表现为SON>NO₃^--N>NH₄⁺-N,大田为NO₃^--N>SON>NH₄⁺-N。设施菜田浅层地下水中TSN、NO₃^--N和SON含量也都显著高于大田,前者平均含量分别是后者的9.5、13.8倍和7.0倍。因此,硝态氮和溶解性有机氮都是2种类型农田氮素累积的主要形态,也是浅层地下水污染的重要来源。     

青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料发酵品质影响的研究进展

青贮微生物在饲料发酵过程中起关键作用。无论是牧草表面附着的微生物还是外源添加的微生物菌剂在青贮发酵过程中对青贮微生物的群落结构及其演替过程都起着重要的作用,而青贮发酵过程中微生物的群落结构及其演替过程与代谢产物很大程度上影响着青贮饲料的发酵品质。本文阐述了青贮微生物群落结构,微生物在青贮过程中的演替及其对青贮饲料品质的影响。从目前研究结果来看,不同牧草及同种牧草生长在不同环境中其表面附着微生物存在很大差异。添加乳酸菌对提高青贮品质效果不稳定,还需了解牧草附着微生物特性决定是否需要接种乳酸菌以得到优质青贮饲料。     

Mass Spawning by Green Algae on Coral Reefs

Predawn episodes of mass spawning by green algae (up to nine species in five genera on a single morning) intermittently cloud Caribbean waters. Species- and sex-specific bouts of anisogamous gamete release occurred synchronously and predictably on a given morning, with closely related species spawning at different times. Algal sexual reproduction was seasonal, but, unlike the mass-spawning behavior of other sessile marine organisms, showed no lunar or tidal cycling. The discovery of mass-spawning behavior by these algae has important implications for future studies of the reproductive ecology and speciation of a vital, yet poorly understood, component of the coral reef community.     

混凝土早期体积变化与裂缝的成因

分析了混凝土早期体积的变化以及裂缝的形成与混凝土体积变化的关系。     

海南省西甜瓜细菌性果斑病的发生与防治

<正>近年来细菌性果斑病在海南西瓜、甜瓜生产上发生严重,其原因不仅与当地气候条件、栽培管理不当等有关,也与各地进行南繁的瓜类品种繁杂、种子消毒不彻底、病原远距离传播扩散有关。西瓜、甜瓜是海南省种植面积较为广泛、经济效益较高的农产品,2013年种植面积达1.97万hm2(29.55万亩)(农业部,2015)。细菌性果斑病是西瓜、甜瓜生产上的一种毁灭性病害,引起该病的病原菌为西瓜嗜酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)(Schaad     

棉花GbSTK基因调控开花和黄萎病抗性的功能研究

Cotton is an important cash crop, and achieving disease resistance as well as early maturity is an important breeding goal. However, the molecular relationship between disease resistance and early maturity of cotton is still a research gap. In previous study, we identified a GbSTK gene response to V. dahliae that could enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that GbSTK was more highly expressed in resistance and/or tolerant varieties than in susceptible varieties. Knocking down of GbSTK expression in Nongda 601 showed that the silenced plants displayed serious disease symptoms, with disease index from 27.5 (tolerant) to 63.2 (susceptible), suggesting that GbSTK positively regulates cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. More interesting, we found that GbSTK could promote the development of Arabidopsis. At the flowering time point, the average number of rosette leaves in transgenic lines was 7.5, significantly less than the mock plants, and the transgenic plants bloomed five to seven days earlier than the control. The FT and SOC1 gene, regarded as marker genes in Arabidopsis flowering signaling pathway, maintained higher expression level in transgenic lines than in the mock, indicating that GbSTK could accelerate flowering via regulating FT and SOC1 gene expression. We also obtained 30 candidate proteins that could interacted with GbSTK via yeast double hybrid test, which helped to further revealing the molecular regulatory network of GbSTK. Taken together, we first identified a functional gene that could improve disease resistance and early flowering, which would provide a reference for genetic improvement of cotton disease resistant and early maturity.     

云南3种野生稻中抗白叶枯病基因的鉴定

白叶枯病是水稻生产上最重要的细菌性病害之一,培育抗病新品种是防治白叶枯病最经济有效的途径。然而,栽培稻来源的抗病基因数量有限,并且部分抗病基因的抗病谱窄。因此,从野生稻中发掘抗病基因,将有利于培育抗病谱广且抗病能力强的水稻新品种。本研究通过抗性鉴定和PCR分析,检测云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病基因。结果表明,云南野生稻对2个代表性白叶枯病菌Y8和PXO99具有不同程度的抗性,疣粒野生稻甚至达到免疫的程度。功能标记检测结果显示,3种野生稻中均不含xa5、xa13和Xa21抗病基因,元江普通野生稻含Xa23和Xa3/Xa26基因或其同源基因,景洪普通野生稻中含Xa1、Xa3/Xa26和Xa27基因或同源基因,药用野生稻含Xa3/Xa26基因或同源基因,而疣粒野生稻含有Xa27抗性基因。本研究结果为进一步发掘和克隆云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病新基因提供了理论参考。     

甘蓝型油菜柱头特异启动子的克隆和序列分析

芸薹属自交不亲和相关基因SLR1只在柱头中特异表达，根据已知的SLR1基因启动子序列设计特异引物，用PCR法从几个甘蓝型油菜品种和品系中分离得到相应的启动子片断，进行序列比较分析后，并构建它们与GFP融合的植物表达载体，转化拟南芥，验证所分离到的启动子的时空特异性。研究表明，来自自交不亲和羽衣甘蓝和来自自交亲和的甘蓝型油菜的SLR1启动子具有相似的序列结构和相同的组织特异表达功能。该结果将为下一步研究S-locus基因在甘蓝型油菜中的表达和相互作用奠定基础。     

甘薯抗疮痂病多胺与吲哚乙酸代谢的研究

研究不同抗性甘薯品种受疮痂病菌侵染前后多胺和吲哚乙酸代谢变化结果表明 ,感染疮痂病菌后抗病与感病品种甘薯叶片中吲哚乙酸含量和多胺氧化酶活性降低 ,多胺总量及腐胺含量增加 ,腐胺 / (精胺 亚精胺 )比值升高 ,感病品种变化幅度高于抗病品种。疮痂病菌侵入后感病品种甘薯叶片中绿原酸含量下降 ,吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性升高 ,而抗病品种则相反。